不同运动模式训练对糖调节受损老年人胰岛素敏感性和体能的影响

为了筛选出能够有效改善糖调节受损(IGR)老年人胰岛素敏感性和提升肌力、心肺耐力、平衡和步态表现的运动方案,招募75名IGR老年人,进行胰岛素敏感性、糖代谢、下肢肌力、耐力、平衡和行走能力等测试,然后进行随机分组,将受试者分为肌力训练组(M组)、心肺耐力训练组(C组)、平衡训练组(B组),按照每组训练方案进行为期12周的训练,各组训练皆以3~4人团体进行运动,每次30~40min,每周4次,总共48次训练,在最后一次训练干预结束后3d内进行后测,项目与前测一致.结果:C组和M组对于糖调节受损人群的空腹血糖、胰岛素、胰岛素抵抗指数均取得显著改善作用(p0.05),而平衡训练组虽具有一定改善,但差异无统计学意义(p0.05).各组髋屈曲肌、膝屈曲肌、踝跖屈肌和踝背屈肌肌力均有显著增加(p0.05).M组和C组的受试者在心肺耐力方面取得了显著改善.采用肌力训练和心肺耐力训练方案的老年人6min行走测试后测结果显著优于接受平衡训练的老年人(p0.05).M组、C组、B组受试者平衡能力均取得显著进步,且C组在串联行走测试的结果显著优于M组和B组(p0.05);心肺耐力训练组经过12周训练,行走速度、行走步频、步幅均显著增加(p0.05);肌力训练组和平衡训练组经过12周训练,行走速度、步频、步幅没有显著变化(p0.05),且心肺耐力训练组显著高于肌力训练组和平衡训练组(p0.05).得出心肺耐力训练后糖调节受损人群的胰岛素敏感性、下肢肌力、心肺耐力、平衡能力和行走能力等得到显著改善,肌力训练和平衡训练对下肢肌力、平衡能力有一定促进作用.

Effects of Different Exercise Mode Training on Insulin Sensitivity and Physical Performance in Elderly with Impaired Glucose Regulation

This study is to screen out the exercise programs for insulin sensitivity, muscle strength, cardiorespiratory endurance, balance and gait performance in elderly patients with impaired glucose regulation (IGR). Seventy-five IGR elderly were enrolled and tested for insulin sensitivity, glucose metabolism, lower limb muscle strength, endurance, balance, and walking ability. They were randomly divided into groups and randomly divided into muscular exercise groups (M Group), cardiorespiratory endurance exercise group (C group) and balance exercise group (B group), each group training program for a period of 12 weeks of training; each group of training were carried out by 3-4 groups of people, each 30-40 Min, 4 times a week, a total of 48 trainings, post-testing within 3 days after the last training intervention; the project was consistent with the previous test. Results show that the fasting blood glucose, insulin, and insulin resistance indexes of the subjects with impaired glucose regulation were significantly improved in groups C and M (p<0.05). Although the balanced training group had some improvement, it was not statistically significant(p>0.05). The hip flexor, knee flexor, plantar flexor and dorsal flexor muscles all had significant increases in muscle strength(p<0.05). Subjects in group M and group C achieved significant improvements in cardiorespiratory endurance. The results of the 6-minute walking test of the elderly using the muscle strength training program and cardio-pulmonary endurance training program were significantly better than those of the elderly who received the balance training(p<0.05). The M group, C group and B group achieved significant improvement in their balance ability. The results of the tandem walking test in group C were significantly better than those in group M and B(p<0.05). The cardiopulmonary endurance training group was trained for 12 weeks. The speed, stride frequency and stride length were significantly increased(p<0.05); the muscle strength training group and the balance training group had no significant changes in walking speed, stride frequency and stride length after 12 weeks of training(p>0.05). The cardiopulmonary endurance training group was significantly higher than the muscle strength training group and the balance training group(p<0.05). Conclusion:In this study, the subjects with impaired glucose regulation underwent muscle strength training, cardiorespiratory endurance training and balance training intervention for 12 weeks, 4 times a week, 30-40 minutes each time. After the cardiopulmonary endurance training, the insulin sensitivity, lower limb muscle strength, cardiorespiratory endurance, balance ability and walking ability of the impaired glucose regulation group were significantly improved. The muscle strength training and balance training had a certain role in promoting the lower limb muscle strength and balance ability.