基于虚拟样机技术的某型火炮射击精度分析和优化研究

首先建立了反映火炮射击特性的动力学模型和虚拟样机，介绍了灵敏度分析法和广义简约梯度法。定义了基于空间的归一化炮口初始扰动表征射击精度，通过引入相对灵敏度分析方法，基于虚拟样机研究了结构参数对火炮初始扰动影响的规律和显著程度，解决了具有不同量纲的结构参数影响比较难题。通过研究发现，后坐部分质量左右偏心、后坐部分质量上下偏心、高低机刚度、大架刚度和高低机阻尼是影响火炮初始扰动的重要结构参数。利用广义简约梯度法优化了上述对火炮初始扰动有重要影响的结构参数，优化结果表明该型火炮具有较大设计改进空间，说明了虚拟样机技术在武器装备设计和研制领域应用的可行性和优越性。最后，展望了虚拟样机技术在武器装备工程领域的应用前景及下一步工作的研究方向。

Research on Optimization of Firing Accuracy of Guns Based on Virtual Prototyping Technology

Dynamic model and virtual prototype of guns system during firing were proposed by using ADAMS (Automatic Dynamic Analysis of Mechanical Systems), and relative sensitivity analysis method and GRG (Generalized Reduced Gradient) method were introduced. On the basis of relative sensitivity analysis of effect of structure parameters on initial disturbance, the contrast problem of parameters with different dimension was solved. The conclusion is drawn that right-and-left mass partiality of recoil parts, up-and-down mass partiality of recoil parts, stiffness of elevating mechanisms, trail stiffness and damp of elevating mechanisms have most influence on firing accuracy. Furthermore, five design parameters were optimized to minimum initial disturbance with GRG method, and the results suggest the design of the gun involved in the study should be further improved to raise firing accuracy. Finally, the research direction of next work and the perspective of virtual prototyping technology applied in armament engineering are presented.