对量化问题的哲学实验研究

在量化问题上,传统逻辑和现代逻辑的对当方阵大相径庭,且各有局限.哲学实验结果显示:(1)自然语言中A、I命题都允许主项为实体性存在、观念性存在,不接受自相矛盾的主项;(2)各语境下自然语言的A、I命题在主项存在方面高度相似,表明A命题预设了主项存在;(3)不同语境下对A、I命题的否定接受了不同的预设,表明了否定包含预设...

Studies of Quantitative Problem Based on Philosophical Experiments

In the quantitative problem,the squares of opposition between traditional logic and modern logic are very different,and each has its limitations.The results of philosophical experiments show that (1) A and I propositions in natural language allow subject to be reality and conceptual,but do not accept self-contradictory subjects;(2) In each context,the natural language A and I are highly similar in terms of subject existence,indicating that A proposition presupposes the existence of the subject;(3) The negation of A and I propositions in different contexts accepts different presuppositions,indicating that negation contains presuppositions,and those presuppositions are hierarchical.Based on these results,we propose a hierarchical quantification scheme,formalizing the subject existence presupposition of the A proposition as part of the formula of A,and formalizing the presupposition of negation in different contexts as an independent premise.Then according to different situations such as preset individual existence (■x),preset subject existence (■xSx),and preset subject as full domain (■xSx) when negating a proposition,the squares of opposition are established hierarchically,all these squares of opposition are internal consistency.This new scheme seems to be able to eliminate the dilemma of quantization problems systematically.