城市湿地生态系统服务动态演化及其权衡关系

以杭州西溪湿地为例，基于1984—2018年的高分辨率遥感数据，利用InVEST模型和当量因子法核算了该地区生态系统服务的动态变化，分析了生态系统服务间的权衡关系．结果表明:1）除固碳服务外，研究期内西溪湿地生态系统服务整体呈退化趋势；2）国家湿地公园的建设，使公园内外固碳服务与生物多样性服务呈现不同的变化趋势，这2种服务类型在公园内呈现增加、而公园外受城市化过程持续影响呈现降低趋势；3）受降水量增加、不透水地面扩大等因素影响，公园内外的产水量与营养物输出量等均呈现增加趋势，旅游开发和生态保护之间的矛盾并没有完全缓解；4）生态系统服务之间存在显著的权衡关系，主要是产水服务与固碳服务、生物多样性保护服务、娱乐和文化服务之间，空间上在城市不透水地面周围更为显著． 

Temporal and spatial changes and trade-offs analysis of urban wetland ecosystem services: a case study of Xixi wetland in Hangzhou

Elucidating temporal and spatial changes in urban wetland ecosystem services, especially of long time series and at high resolution, is vitally important for the formulation of urban wetland protection policy．InVEST model and economic valuation methods were applied to land-use maps with high resolution, to estimate changes in ecosystem services and trade-offs between ecosystem of Xixi wetland from 1984 to 2018．Ecosystem services showed an overall declining trend except carbon sequestration, and wetlands continued to deteriorate．An increase trend of carbon sequestration and biodiversity protection services was identified inside park, but a decrease trend outside the park．Rise in precipitation and expansion in impervious ground resulted in higher water yield and nutrient export inside and outside the park．Contradiction between tourism development and ecological protection has not been completely alleviated．Analysis of interactions between pairs of ecosystem services identified that trade-offs occurred mainly between water yield and carbon sequestration services, biodiversity protection services, recreation and cultural services, especially around urban impervious ground．