赫伯特·马尔库塞:寻找技术社会的希望

希望是马尔库塞技术批判理论的构成要素，它具有一种在理想与现实之问的二元结构。这种二元结构决定着批判理论的逻辑，即在对技术现实所做的“极其经验主义”的分析背后，决离不开某些背景性信念的支撑。这些信念可以追溯到德国哲学传统中人的形象，它具有三个方面的基本内涵：理性自主、个性的自由发展和普遍和谐。批判既从这些信念中汲取了力量，同时其在理论上和实践中的尴尬处境也与此不无干系。

Herbert Marcuse:Seeking for a Hope of the Technological Society

As one of the internal factors of Marcuse's critical theory of technology,the hope manifests itself in a dual construction of ideal and reality,which determines the logic of the critical theory.It would be impossible to present an exceedingly empirical analysis of the technical reality without some background beliefs rooted in the traditional image of a human being in German philosophy.This image involves three fundamental elements:rational autonomy;free development of personality;universal harmony.While providing the critical theory with might,these beliefs have also,in a sense,resulted in a theoretical and practical embarrassing situation for it.