典型喀斯特区域植物物种多样性研究——以广西中越边境喀斯特地区种子植物为例

【目的】广西中越边境地区喀斯特地貌广泛发育,是广西生物多样性研究和保护的关键区域,也是全球生物多样性研究和保护的热点地区。鉴于当前该地区植物区系复杂,植物调查薄弱,生物多样性面临严重威胁,特选该区域开展研究。【方法】基于相关文献资料,整合野外调查数据和历史标本信息,完成该地区的种子植物物种多样性编目,并据此开展综合分析。【结果】广西中越边境喀斯特地区共有种子植物3 118种(含种下单位),隶属于187科、1 050属,科属以寡种占优势,但优势科属也较明显。该区野生种子植物184科,可分为10个分布区类型,其中热带性质的共97科,温带性质的共39科,种子植物热带性科和温带性科的比值约为2.5/1,在属级水平上,该区野生的1 028属可划分为14个分布区类型和24个变型,热带性属共736个,温带性属共219个,热带性属和温带性属的比值约为3.4/1。可见不管在科级还是属级水平都表明该地区地理成分复杂,表现出强烈的热带性质。广西中越边境喀斯特地区种子植物特有现象突出,该地区拥有294种广西特有植物;还有351种为石灰岩特有植物,占该地区总种数的11.51%,另外还有423种为石灰岩适宜植物,综合二者,广西中越边境喀斯特地区典型的喜钙植物种类高达774种,占该地区总种数的25.38%,而且这些特有植物集中于少数的几个科属内,科属优势明显。广西中越边境喀斯特地区珍稀濒危植物众多,其中国家重点保护野生植物29种,包括11种Ⅰ级和18种Ⅱ级保护植物;广西重点保护野生植物有292种,兰科植物就多达261种,其余的31种;另外还有12种被列为全国极小种群保护野生植物。【结论】广西中越边境喀斯特地区植物物种多样性丰富,地理成分复杂,表现出明显的热带性质,特有现象突出,珍稀濒危植物众多,该地区具有重要的研究和保护价值,对广西乃至中国的生物多样性研究和保护都有着举足轻重的意义。

Study on Plant Diversity in Typical Karst Areas,A Case of Seed Plant in Karst Areas of Guangxi Along the Sino-Vietnamese Border

Objective] The karst geomorphology in the border areas of Guangxi and China are widely developed. It is a key area for biodiversity research and conservation in Guangxi,and a hotspot for global biodiversity research and conservation. In view of the current complex flora in the region,weak plant surveys and serious threats to biodiversity,the region is selected for research.Methods] Based on the relevant literature materials,the field survey data and historical specimen information were integrated to complete the cataloging of seed plant species diversity in the region,and a comprehensive analysis was carried out accordingly.Results] There are 3 118 species of seed plants (including infraspecific taxa) in the karst area of the Sino-Vietnamese border in Guangxi,belonging to 187 families and 1 050 genera. The genus is dominated by monospecific species,but the dominant families are also obvious. There are 184 families of wild seed plants in the area,which can be divided into 10 types of distribution areas,including 97 species of tropical nature and 39 families of temperate nature. The ratio of tropical to temperate families of seed plants is about 2.5:1.At the genus level,the wild 1 028 genus in this area can be classified into 14 distribution types and 24 forma,with 736 tropical genus and 219 temperate genus. The ratio of tropical to temperate genus is about 3.4:1.It can be seen that both the subject level and the genus level indicate that the geographical composition of the area is complex and shows strong tropical characteristics. The unique characteristics of seed plants in the karst area of the Sino-Vietnamese border are prominent. There are 294 species of endemic plants in Guangxi. There are 351 species of limestone endemic,accounting for 11.51% of the total species in the area. In addition,423 species are suitable for limestone species. In summary,there are 774 species of typical calcipetes in the karst area of the Sino-Vietnamese border in Guangxi,accounting for 25.38% of the total species in the region,and these endemic plants are concentrated in a few families,and the families have obvious advantages. There are many rare and endangered plants in the karst area of the Sino-Vietnamese border in Guangxi,including 29 listed as the national key protected wild plants,11 species in the first rank,and 18 species in the second rank. A total of 292 species are listed in provincial key protected wild plants,of which 261 species are orchids. Additionally 12 species are listed as plant species with extremely small populations (PSESP).Conclusion] In conclusion,the karst area of the Sino-Vietnamese border in Guangxi is rich in species diversity,complicated in geographical elements. There are obvious tropical characteristics,outstanding endemism,and numerous rare and endangered plants. So the region has important research and conservation value and plays a significant role in the research and conservation of biodiversity in Guangxi and even in China.