锡林郭勒草原生态环境劣化原因诊断及治理对策

描述了锡林郭勒典型草原区的自然环境特征,社会经济情况和生态环境退化现状,从系统物流平衡,环境气候变迁,以及人类活动对草地生态系统的影响等方面探讨了该地区生态环境劣变的原因,分析结果表明,放牧畜牧业是该地区的主要土地利用形式,家畜是生态系统中植被的主要控制者,系统内物流（以N为例）的出入失调和季节性的草-畜供求失衡是引起草地生态系统迅速退化的主要因素,而其它因素（如气候变化,垦荒,挖药材等）对系统的劣变起了推波助澜的作用,增加向系统内的物质投入,调整四季放牧的自然畜牧业生产方式,积极引种入牧,缓解草地春季敏感期放牧压力等,是治理和维护该地区草地生态系统健康的有效措施。

Analysis on the Causes of Eco-environmental Deterioration in Xilinguole Typical Grassland Region and Counter Measures

The natural environment, social and economic situations,and present status of the ecosystem in Xilinguole typical grassland region are described.The causes of grassland degradation and environmental deterioration in the region are probed in the aspects of material inflow and outflow,climate change, and effects of human activities on the grassland ecosystem.The results show that in the region natural grassland grazing is the major land use form and domestic animals are the main control factors on the vegetation.Imbalanced material flow (Nitrogen as an example) and seasonal shortage of feed supply for animals are the two main factors causing the deterioration of the grassland ecosystem.The other factors,such as climate change,land reclamation and digging herbs on grassland, may accelerate the grassland degradation process.The measures such as increasing material input, changing the whole year round grazing manner, increasing feed supply from cropping, are effective ways for maintaining and protecting the healthy eco-environment in this region.