橡胶经济背后拉祜族女性生育观的转变——以西盟南约寨拉祜族为例

拉祜族作为山地民族,游猎、游耕的传统生计方式需要维持着一定规模的群体生活,这在某种程度上对拉祜族女性的生育率有一定的要求.而传统生存环境中较差的卫生条件影响着妇女产婴的出生率与存活率.近20年来,橡胶种植作为一种新的生计方式的引入,对拉祜族当地的经济条件、妇女受教育水平、饮食营养结构、公共卫生条件等方面产生一定的影响.笔者基于田野调查的基础上对拉祜族妇女传统生育观念、生育任务以及妇女家庭角色在橡胶经济影响下的变化进行探讨.

Transformation of the Lahu Female＇s Fertility Concept Behind Rubber Economy——Taking the Lahu Minority of Nanyue Village on Ximeng County for Example

As a mountain minority, Lahu＇s traditional livelihood ways of safari and shifting cultivation needed to maintain a certain scale of group life, which to some extent maked a certain requirement of Lahu female＇s fertility rate. It＇s the poor sanitary conditions in traditional living environment that had affected women＇s child birth in birthrate and surviving rate. However, over the past two decades, rubber planting as a new living way introduced, has some impacts on local economic conditions, the level of women＇s education, the nutritional structure on diet and the public health conditions, etc. According to the author＇s survey made on the fields there, the Lahu women＇s traditional concept of fertility, reproductive tasks, and the changing role of women under the influence of the family rubber economy are discussed.