道路设计建造缺陷致害责任研究

《最高人民法院关于审理道路交通事故损害赔偿案件适用法律若干问题的解释》第11条确立了道路缺陷交通事故中建设单位与施工单位的赔偿责任。虽然承担责任的建设单位或施工单位可能属于公法主体,但道路设计建造缺陷致害责任所要保护的是受害人的民事权益。因此,道路设计建造缺陷致害责任应定性为民事责任。道路设计建造缺陷致害责任为无过错责任,建设单位与施工单位承担连带责任,设计单位不宜作为第一顺位的责任承担人。当与道路管理瑕疵赔偿责任竞合时,应赋予受害人选择权,建设单位、施工单位或者管理者赔偿后有权就超出其赔偿数额的部分向真正责任人追偿。

On the Liability for the Damage Caused by the Defects of Road Design and Construction

The 11th term from ＂the Supreme Court＇s explanation on the law applicable to road traffic accident damage compensation cases＂ establishes the liability of construction unit and lmilding company for traffic accidents by road de- fects. Although the construction unit or the building company bearing the responsibility may belong to the public law sub ject, the liahility for the damage caused by road design and construction defects needs to protect the victims of civil rights. Therefore, the liability should be defined as civil liability, a liability without fault, which shall be born joint and several li ability by the construction unit and building company and the design units should not be taken as the first pick of the re sponsibility. And when the road management defects leads to the liability concurrence, victims should be given the right to choose, the construction unit, the building company or the management unit has the right to claim for the real side of re sponsibility the compensation after compensating.