东北龙胆大,小孢子发生及雌,雄配子体发育（Ⅰ）

本文对东北龙胆(Gentiana manshnrica K)的大、小孢子发生与雌、雄配子体发育进行了研究,其结果如下: 1 小孢子囊壁的形成遵循双子叶型发育顺序。花药壁由5层细胞组成:表皮、药室内壁、两层细胞组成的中层及绒毡层。2 绒毡层细胞部分来源于初生壁细胞,部分来源于药隔的基本组织。绒毡层细胞仲入小孢子母细胞之间形成“小梁”。绒毡层属分泌型。3 小孢子母细胞减数分裂过程中的胞质分裂为同时型。四分体的排列主要为四面体型。4 小孢子单核靠边期时,在萌发孔出现“帽”状结构,二细胞花粉时该结构脱落。成熟花粉为三细胞型,花粉具有三个萌发孔。5 子房为两心皮一室,多胚珠,侧膜胎座,薄珠心,单珠被,倒生型胚珠。6 大孢子母细胞减数分裂形成线形排列的四分体。合点端大孢子具功能。7 胚囊发育属于蓼型。二个极核受精前融合为次生核。成熟胚囊由7细胞组成。

Microsporogenesis and Megasporogenesis, and the Development of the Male and Female Gametophytes in Gentiana Manshurica.K

This paper observed microsporogenesis and megasporogenesis, and the development of the male and female gametophytes in Gentiana manshurica. K, the conclusions are as follows:1 Formation of the microsporangium wall follows the dicotyledonous sequence.The anther wall comprises five layers: epidermis, endothecium, two middle layers and tapetum. 2 The tapetum is partly derived from the primary parietal cells and partly from the ground tissue on the connective side. The tapetal cells invest in the sporogenous tissue and form "the Balken".The development of the tapetum belongs to the secretory type. 3 The cytokinsis in the meiosis of microspore mother cell is simultaneous. The tetrad is mostly tetrahedral. 4 During the uninuclear microspore, there are caps structure on the germinal aperures, which are separated at the time of two-celled pollen. The mature pollen grain is three-celled pollen which has three germinal apertures. 5 The ovary is bicarpellary syncarpous, unilccular and parietal placentas.The ovule is numerous, unitegmic , tenuinucellate and anatropous. 6 The megaspore mother cell undergoes a meiotic division forming four megaspores arranged in a line. The chalazal megaspore is functional. 7 The development of embryo sac belongs to polygonum type.The two polar nuclei have fused into the secondary nucleus before fertilization. The mature embryo sac comprises seven cells.