高含卤阻燃剂污染特征及分析方法研究进展

高含卤阻燃剂（highly halogenated flame tetardants, HHFRs）是指氯系或溴系阻燃剂中含卤量在60%以上的阻燃剂，因含卤量高，阻燃性能优越，HHFRs在塑料及高分子材料等中得到了广泛应用。与常规阻燃剂相比，HHFRs在环境中更具持久性，浓度较高时在室内外大气与灰尘、土壤、沉积物、生物体甚至人体血清、母乳中频繁检出，且降解后形成毒性更强的脱卤转化产物。毒理学证据表明HHFRs呈显著的内分泌干扰效应，造成神经发育损伤等。为科学评估及预测HHFRs的潜在环境与健康风险，获取准确可靠的定性定量数据是关键。然而，由于HHFRs具有沸点高、且在光热作用下易发生脱卤等特性，使得复杂环境基质中痕量HHFRs的分析仍具有挑战性，从而阻碍了对其环境行为及毒效机制的深入认识。本文汇总了国内外近期关于十溴联苯醚（BDE-209）、十溴二苯乙烷（DBDPE）、得克隆（DP）、四溴双酚A/S衍生物（TBBPA/S-DBPE）、三（2,4,6-三溴苯氧基）-1,3,5-三嗪（TTBP-TAZ）及三（三溴新戊基）磷酸酯（TTBNPP）等几种典型HHFRs的样品前处理及仪器分析检测等方面的进展，并结合其理化性质及环境赋存特征等进行了评述，梳理出了当前分析方法的优缺点，并对今后的研究方向进行了展望，以期为相关领域的科研工作者提供一些思路和见解。

Research Progress on Pollution Characteristics and Analytical Methods of Highly Halogenated Flame Retardants

Highly halogenated flame retardants ( HHFRs ) are flame retardants with a halogen content of more than 60 % in chlorinated or brominated flame retardants. Due to their high halogen content and excellent flame retardant properties, HHFRs have been widely used in plastics and polymer materials. Compared with conventional flame retardants, HHFRs are more persistent in the environment. At higher concentrations, HHFRs are frequently detected in indoor and outdoor atmosphere and dust, soil, sediments, organisms and even human serum and breast milk, and form more toxic dehalogenation products after degradation. Toxicological evidence shows that HHFRs have significant endocrine disrupting effects, causing neurodevelopmental damage. To scientifically assess and predict the potential environmental and health risks of HHFRs, it is critical to obtain accurate and reliable qualitative and quantitative data. However, due to the high boiling point of HHFRs and their easy dehalogenation under photothermal effect, the analysis of trace HHFRs in complex environmental matrices is still challenging, which hinders the in-depth understanding of their environmental behavior and toxicity mechanism. In this paper, the recent advances in sample pretreatment and instrumental analysis of several typical HHFRs at home and abroad, such as decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209), decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE), dechlorane plus (DP), tetrabromobisphenol A/S derivatives (TBBPA/S-DBPE), 2,4,6-tris (2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)-1,3,5-triazine (TTBP-TAZ) and tris(tribromoneopentyl) phosphate (TTBNPP), are summarized, and their physical and chemical properties and environmental occurrence characteristics are reviewed. The advantages and disadvantages of the current analytical methods are sorted out, and the future research directions are prospected, in order to provide some ideas and insights for researchers in related fields.