生态环境因子与天麻品质相关成分含量的关系研究

为探讨生态环境因子与天麻（Gastrodia elata）浸出物及有效成分含量的相关关系，在陕西省汉中市宁强县不同采样点采集天麻样品，测定其浸出物和主要有效成分含量，运用ArcGIS 10.2和SPSS 20.0软件分析采样点对应的77个生态环境因子与天麻成分含量之间的关系。结果表明：在77个生态环境因子中，浸出物含量与年平均气温、年平均水气压、土壤沙含量均呈显著或极显著正相关，与年平均降水量、年平均风速、海拔、土壤淤泥含量均呈显著负相关；6种有效成分总量与年平均降水量、年平均气温、年平均风速均呈显著正相关，与海拔和坡度呈显著负相关。生态环境因子与天麻浸出物及有效成分含量的关系为气候>海拔>土壤，气候因子中影响较大的为12月降水量、4月风速和12月平均气温。与坡度相比，海拔影响较大。土壤因子中影响最大的为土壤淤泥含量，其次为土壤沙含量。研究结果可为宁强县优质天麻培育及天麻资源合理开发利用提供参考。

Study on the Relationship between Ecological Environmental Factors and the Content of Quality Related Components of Gastrodia elata

In this study, to explore the correlation between ecological environmental factors and the contents of Gastrodia elata extracts and effective component, G.elata were collected at different sampling points in Ningqiang County, Shaanxi Province, and the contents of its extracts and main effective components were determined. The relationship between the 77 environmental factors corresponding to the sampling points and the contents of G.elata components was analyzed by ArcGIS 10.2 and SPSS 20.0. Among these environmental factors, the content of G.elata extracts was significantly positively correlated with the annual average temperature, annual average water pressure, and soil sand content, on the contrary, it was significantly negatively correlated with the annual average precipitation, annual average wind speed, altitude and soil silt content; the total amount of the six effective ingredients was significantly positively correlated with the annual average precipitation, annual average temperature and annual average wind speed, while significantly negatively correlated with the altitude and slope.The relationship between the ecological environmental factors and the contents of G.elata extract and effective components is:climate>altitude>soil, and the most influential climatic factors are precipitation in December, wind speed in April, and the average temperature in December.Altitude has a greater impact than slope.Among the soil factors, the largest influence was the content of soil silt, followed by the content of soil sand.The research results provide a reference for the cultivation of high-quality G.elata and the rational development and utilization of G.elata resources in Ningqiang County.