兜兰育种技术研究进展

兜兰属（Paphiopedilum）植物具有独特的观赏价值，是具有巨大市场潜力的高档花卉，育成具有自主知识产权的优良品种是兜兰产业发展的基石。我国拥有丰富的兜兰种质资源，台湾的兜兰育种和产业化发展较好，但大陆地区兜兰产业的发展还处于起步阶段。由于生境破坏和过度采挖，兜兰属植物已是世界上较濒危的植物类群之一。选育出可进行市场推广的优良品种不但能获得较好的经济效益，而且能降低对野生种类的需求，间接实现兜兰的有效保育和可持续利用。本文对兜兰的育种目标、种质资源和主要育种技术（包括引种驯化、杂交育种、倍性育种、化学诱变、物理诱变和分子育种等）进行了综述，并对各项技术的优缺点进行了分析，以期为兜兰高效育种提供参考。

Advance of Breeding Technology of Paphiopedilum

Paphiopedilum characterized by its distinctive ornamental value, holds substantial market potential within the realm of premium horticultural commodities.The cultivation of superior varieties with proprietary intellectual property rights is regarded as the cornerstone for the sustainable development of the Paphiopedilum industry.While China boasts a wealth of germplasm resources pertaining to Paphiopedilum, the development of the orchid industry in mainland China is still in its early stages.Primarily due to habitat degradation and excessive harvesting, Paphiopedilum species have earned the dubious distinction of being among the most endangered plant taxa worldwide.The systematic development and promotion of marketable superior varieties not only promise favorable economic returns but also facilitate a reduction in demand for wild species, indirectly contributing to the effective conservation and sustainable utilization of Paphiopedilum.This review comprehensively surveys the breeding objectives of Paphiopedilum, germplasm resources, and key breeding techniques, encompassing introduction and domestication, hybridization breeding, polyploidy breeding, chemical mutagenesis, physical mutagenesis, and molecular breeding technologies.Furthermore, a nuanced analysis of the strengths and weaknesses associated with these methodologies is provided, thereby establishing a foundational framework for the efficient breeding of Paphiopedilum.