大学毕业生就业生态问题及对策

就业生态指大学毕业生的就业期待、高等教育的培养预期与社会对人才的需求程度所构成的相互矛盾或协调的生态系统。这一生态系统中存在着三个层次的生态圈，即观念生态圈、行为生态圈、社会生态圈。观念生态圈的失衡、行为生态圈的错位、社会生态圈的失范是造成大学生就业难的生态原因。解决的办法，就是不断优化就业生态，改变观念生态圈的失衡；实行政策倾向，修正行为生态圈的错位；加快文化制度建设，扭转社会生态圈的失范。

The ecological problem of employment of college students and its countermeasures

The ecology of employment refers to the ecological system of mutual contradiction or coordination formed by the employment expectation of college graduates, the fostering expectation of higher education and the degree of social need for talents. The ecological system has ecological circle of three levels, that is, ecological circle of conception, ecological circle of behaviour and social ecological circle. The ecological problem of employment of college students is caused by the losing of balance of ecological circle of conception, the misplacement of ecological behaviour and the losing of model of the social ecological circle. To solve it, we should constantly optimize the ecology of employment, change the losing of balance of ecological circle of conception, practice policy orientation to correct the misplacement of ecological circle of behaviour and quicken the building of the cultural system to change the losing of model of the social ecological circle.