拱坝的极限承载能力和破坏机理

本文建议,以拱坝整体工作能力作为拱坝评价的依据,确定承载能力时宜采用只加大容重的超载方式,宜分别提出线弹性极限、工作极限和破坏极限供设计应用,宜分别对材料强度及荷载效应(结构)规定安全系数.文中基于若干试验成果,描述了一般双曲拱坝和重力拱坝的破坏机理,讨论了坝踵理论应力和实际应力可能出现的差异,以及孔洞、某些地质缺陷等对极限承载能力可能带来的影响.

Bearing Capacity and Rapture Mechanism of Arch Dams

It is proposed that an arch dam should be appraised according to its whole working capacity. It is suitable to enlarge the density of liquid for the determination of limit bearing capacity. The elastic limit, working limit and rupture limit are suggested separately for the design of a project. Safty factors should be set for strength of materials and load effect (structure). On the basis of some experiment results, the failure mechanism of general hyperbolic arch dams and gravity arch dams is illustrated. The possible difference between theoretic stresses and real stresses of the heel of a dam is also ex plained. The effects of holes, geologic flaws in foundation on limit bearing capacity are discussed as well.