流体静高压容器泄漏原因分析及预防措施

根据流体静高压容器加载时下压杆爆炸前后的实验数据、检验结果,从材料选择、高压容器对中、上下缸载荷分配三方面分析了容器泄漏原因:(1)阳磨菇头选材有错、热处理不当导致Bridgman密封组件失效;(2)下压杆选材及热处理工艺有误导致加载时脆性断裂;(3)压杆导向和定位不良,球面垫块球半径过大均可严重导致压杆脆性断裂;(4)密封套圈无支承面太小,容易造成上下油缸压力差偏大,引起下压杆炸碎。由此,提出相应的预防措施。

Analysis of Hydrostatic High Pressure Vessel Blowout and Its Avoidance

This paper examines the composition and hardness of alloy, centre symmetry of hydrostatic high pressure vessel, and load distribution to upper and lower cylinder, and explores the causes of two blowout accidents in the vessel with 3.08GPa hydrostatic high pressure, with the data obtained before and after the explosion of lower pressure bar. The explosion was due to: (1) the wrong choice of alloy for the upper mushroom and the inappropriate thermal treatment which led to the failure of Bridgman sealing package; (2) unsuitable selection of material and inappropriate forging and tempering for the lower pressure bar, inducing microscopic crack under high pressure; (3) the absence of slideway cover and positioner of the lower pressure bar with too large a radius of the concave and convex spherical surface spacer so that the center symmetry of the hydrostatic high pressure vessel is not good; (4) the fact that the unholding area of the sealing sleeve is too small and this easily creates a large difference of oil pressure between upper and lower cylinders, and then causes explosion of the lower pressure bar. Besides, corresponding precautions against the blowout accident are suggested here.