抽水井附近地下水流运动特征

利用自主设计建造的三维抽水试验装置,完成了多项潜水及承压水的抽水试验,获得了大量观测数据。试验发现:无论潜水还是承压水状态,抽水井附近观测井的水位变化,均具有距抽水井愈远愈高、愈近愈低的漏斗状分布,围绕抽水井的地下水位降落漏斗是显著的;但同时也出现了新的情况,即每个观测井不同高度观测点的水位,均呈上高下低的特征,说明地下水具有由上到下的运动分量,地下水由周边的供水边界向抽水井聚集运移时,运动方向是下斜向的,潜水如此,承压水也如此。分析认为,这是水头压力与水体自身重力同时起作用的结果。由此推断,在抽水时,承压水含水层顶板靠近补给源具有强势水流通过。

The Motion Features of Groundwater Flow Near Pumping Well

Using the 3D pumping test device,a number of pumping tests about phreatic and artesian water were made to obtain data. In the tests,for both phreatic and artesian water,the water head appeared in funnel distribution; this pattern was most obvious around the underground water pumping well. Besides, the water heads of different points at different heights of each observation well appeared in decreasing pattern from top to bottom,showing that the water contained the top-to-bottom motion component while groundwater had migration and accumulation from the surrounding water boundary to the pumping well,i, e. the water movement direction was characteristic of declivity. The same was true for artesian water. The study shows that head pressure and water gravity are working together to produce the result;when the water is pumped, the strong water flow passes near the top roof of the artesian aquifer with the supply source.