Bacterial resistance mechanisms against host defense peptides |
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Authors: | Tomaz Koprivnjak Andreas Peschel |
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Institution: | 1.Department of Biotechnology,National Institute of Chemistry Slovenia,Ljubljana,Slovenia;2.Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, Cellular and Molecular Microbiology Section,University of Tübingen,Tübingen,Germany |
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Abstract: | Host defense peptides and proteins are important components of the innate host defense against pathogenic microorganisms.
They target negatively charged bacterial surfaces and disrupt microbial cytoplasmic membranes, which ultimately leads to bacterial
destruction. Throughout evolution, pathogens devised several mechanisms to protect themselves from deleterious damage of host
defense peptides. These strategies include (a) inactivation and cleavage of host defense peptides by production of host defense
binding proteins and proteases, (b) repulsion of the peptides by alteration of pathogen’s surface charge employing modifications
by amino acids or amino sugars of anionic molecules (e.g., teichoic acids, lipid A and phospholipids), (c) alteration of bacterial
membrane fluidity, and (d) expulsion of the peptides using multi drug pumps. Together with bacterial regulatory network(s)
that regulate expression and activity of these mechanisms, they represent attractive targets for development of novel antibacterials. |
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