基于反馈控制的牛鞭效应自补偿对多级库存系统的影响

在时变需求条件下,多级库存问题中需求变异放大的现象给供应链上下游企业的供需匹配带来了极大的挑战.本文考虑一个单条供应链在信息共享条件下采用订至点补货策略的情形,在随机需求下,研究了一个四级供应链系统中的牛鞭效应及其抑制方法.基于反馈控制理论构建了一个四级库存系统的动态控制模型,并通过拉普拉斯变换推导出了系统的传递函数.在四级库存反馈控制模型的基础上,设计了一个牛鞭效应自补偿机制,使供应链进销存系统的需求变异维持在原有水平.数值试验及仿真进一步对牛鞭效应自补偿算法的效果进行了验证.试验结果表明,加入自补偿算法后供应链各级结点企业的订货量波动明显减弱;剩余库存量的波动大幅下降;供应链整体牛鞭效应约为信息共享条件下的三分之一,仅约为信息不共享条件下的四分之一.

The impacts of self-compensation of bullwhip effect based on feedback control theory on a multi-echelon inventory in supply chain

Under the condition of time-varying demand, the phenomenon of demand variation amplification in the multi-echelon inventory system brings great challenge to supply chain corporation. This paper considers the bullwhip effect with its suppression method in the case of four-echelon supply chain system with the "order-up-to" strategy under random demand. A dynamic control model of the four-echelon inventory system was built based on the feedback theory. In this control model, a self-compensating mechanism of bullwhip effect was designed to keep the demand variation of inventory system at the original level. We examine the effect of self-compensation algorithm of bullwhip effect by experiments and simulations, the results show that the order quantity fluctuation of the enterprise in the supply chain is obviously weakened after the self-compensation algorithm is added; the fluctuation of the stock is reduced greatly; the bullwhip effect of the whole supply chain is about one-third of the information sharing mechanism, only about one-forth of the non-information-sharing model.