植物油基聚氨酯的研究新进展

介绍了传统热固性植物油基聚氨酯的改性方法,包括物理改性(填充改性和共混改性)和化学改性(接枝共聚改性、交联改性、互穿聚合物网络改性)。用于物理改性的材料主要有SiO2等无机物和纤维素等有机物,利用苯乙烯、丙烯酸酯等单体与聚氨酯接枝共聚是化学改性的主要方法。评述了热塑性聚氨酯的特点、制备方法及应用领域,重点介绍了油酸基热塑性聚氨酯的制备、性能及应用。对植物油基聚氨酯的发展前景作了展望:采用表面引发活性聚合等方式对传统的热固性聚氨酯进行可控化学改性;运用点击化学方法对热塑性聚氨酯进行改性,促使其多功能化。

New research progress of vegetable oil-based polyurethanes

This paper summarizes the latest progress for vegetable oil-based polyurethanes mainly from the view of thermoset and thermoplastic. Firstly, the modification methods for traditional thermoset polyurethane are introduced, including physical modification methods (filling and alloying) and chemical modification methods (copolymerization grafting, crosslinking and interpenetrating polymer network). Materials used for physical modification mainly contain inorganic materials such as SiO₂ and organic substances such as cellulose. Grafting copolymerization of styrene, acrylate and other monomers with polyurethane is the main method of chemical modification. The characteristics, preparations and application fields of thermoplastic polyurethane are reviewed, and the preparations, performances and applications of oleic acid-based thermoplastic polyurethane are chiefly presented. The development prospects of vegetable oil-based polyurethane are put forward. Surface-initiated living polymerization and other methods are used to controllable chemical modification of the traditional thermoset polyurethane and click chemistry method is uesd to promote multi-functionalization of the thermoplastic polyurethane.