西部浅部开采矿井地表冲沟水害的预计评价

我国西部黄土高原地表冲沟众多,浅部煤田采动裂缝在冲沟处波及地表,当有较大的大气降水时,洪水汇入冲沟可通过采动裂缝溃入矿井形成水患。为防止这类水患,在内蒙罐子沟煤矿6102工作面上方煤家沟,经过实测大气降水后煤家沟的积水量,观测雨水的入渗深度,土坡的形态特征,采用专门试验验测不同砂土的渗溃性,结合大气降水量等资料,认识到罐子沟煤矿新生界砂土渗溃性差,降水后土坡结构稳定,煤家沟引发矿井溃水溃砂事故的可能性较小。预计大气降水会增加井下涌水量约57m^3／h,认为6102工作面可以安全开采。形成了评价和预测西部浅埋煤层地表冲沟溃水溃砂的新方法,在我国西部煤矿有广泛的推广应用前景。

Prediction and Evaluation on Gullies Water Disaster on the Surface of Shallowly-exploited Mine in Western China

There are many gullies on the surface of the Loess Plateau in Western China. Mining cracks of shallow coalfield affect the surface of the gullies and the mine will be poured by the flood which is in the gullies and passes through the mining cracks when the rain is heavy. In order to prevent such water disaster,many researches have been done about Meijiagou on the 6102 working face of Guanzigou Coal Mine in Neimenggu province. These works included measuring water volume after rain, observing infiltration depth after rain and morphological characteristics of slopes,testing permeabihty of different sands by specialized test and collecting information of rainfall. The results show that the permeability of the Cenozoic sand is poor in Guanzigou Coal Mine and the structures of slopes are stable after rain. The accident of water and sand inrush caused by Meijiagou is less likely to happen. Underground water inrush is predicted to increase about 57m^3/h because of the rainfall and the 6102 working face can be safely mined. A new method which can be used to predict and evaluate gully water disaster on the surface of shallowly-buried coal seam in western China has been introduced in this article and it will have a broad application prospect in the coal mine of western China.