苦参生理活性物质研究现状与展望

研究者已从苦参中分离出了上百种化学成分包括生物碱、黄酮、三萜类、酚类、多糖等,其中部分化学成分具有强大的生理活性.溶剂萃取是苦参活性物质的主要提取方法,包括煎煮、回流、浸渍、超声波、微波、超临界流体萃取、亚临界水萃取等.苦参的生理活性物质以生物碱和黄酮为主,具有丰富的药理作用,如抗过敏、抗菌抗炎、抗肿瘤、抗病毒、抗心律失常、镇静镇痛等.其中,苦参生物碱已经用于临床治疗慢性乙肝和一些妇科疾病以及农业上抗病虫害.现对近年来苦参中生理活性物质的化学成分、提取方法以及主要药理作用的研究概况予以综述,并对苦参活性物质的研究方向进行展望.

Present Research Status and Prospect of Physiological Active Components in Sophora Flavescens Ait

Currently researchers have isolated hundreds of chemical components fromSophora flavescens Ait including alkaloid,flavonoid,triterpenoid,phenolic,polysaccharide.Some of which exhibit strong biological activities.Extraction of physiological active components is the first step to research and utilize Sophora flavescens Ait.Solvent extraction is the main method for extraction of active substances such as decoction,circumfluence,maceration,ultrasound-assisted extraction(UAE),microwave-assisted extraction(MAE),supercritical fluid extraction(SFE),subcritical water extraction(SWE).Among them,UAE,MAE,SFE,SWE have great advantages than traditional extraction method.Alkaloids and flavonoids are the primary physiological active compositions of Sophora flavescens Ait and possess various pharmacological effects such as anti-allergic,antibacterial,anti-inflammatory,antitumor,anti-virus,antiarrhythmic and antinociceptive effects.Alkaloids has been used in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B,gynecopathy in clinical and pest resistance in agriculture.The study of general situation about chemical compositions,extraction methods and main pharmacological effects of physiologically active substances was reviewed,and the research direction of bioactive substance is also prospected in Sophora flavescens Ait.