轻质耐高温NiAl基合金制备与复杂构件成形技术进展浅析

NiAl基合金具有优越的低密度、高模量和良好的抗氧化性等特点，特别适合作为高温关键构件使用，在航空航天等领域应用前景广阔。然而，作为一种金属间化合物，固有的延性极限成为NiAl基合金复杂形状构件成形的技术瓶颈，因此亟需开发NiAl基合金复杂构件成形新技术。文章综述了目前NiAl基合金及其构件制备成形常用的熔铸法、高温自蔓延合成法、粉末冶金法及近年来发展的反应制备法，讨论了反应制备成形新方法在薄壁复杂构件制造方面的潜力，以及NiAl基合金复杂构件成形制造技术的发展趋势。

Preparation of light and high-temperature resistant NiAl-based alloy and development of its complex component forming#br#

NiAl-based alloys are characterized by low density, high modulus and superior oxidation resistance, which are especiallysuitable for key components working at high temperatures and have broad application prospects in aerospace and other fields. However, as an intermetallic compound, the inherent ductility limitation becomes the technical bottleneck for the forming of complex shape component prepared using NiAl-based alloys. Therefore, it is urgent to develop new technologies of NiAl-based alloy complex component forming. In this paper, the current preparation and forming methods of NiAl-based alloys and their components are reviewed, including melting casting, high temperature self-propagating synthesis, powder metallurgy, and reactive preparation method developed in recent years. In addition, the novel reactive preparation-forming method for the potential of complicated thin-walled component manufacturing and the development trend of NiAl-based alloy complex component forming technology are discussed.