北斗单系统及多全球导航卫星系统组合极区定位性能

为了评估北斗单系统(BeiDou satellite navigation system,BDS)及多全球导航卫星系统(global navigation satellite sys-tem,GNSS)在极区环境下的导航定位性能,从可见卫星数、位置精度因子、定位精度和高度角变化等多个性能指标对南北极四个测站进行分析.首先介绍了多GNSS的位置精度因子计算模型,然后利用开普勒轨道参数仿真各卫星导航系统数据,详细分析了北斗单系统、北斗双系统以及四系统的性能.仿真结果表明,双系统和四系统能够显著增加可见星数和降低位置精度因子值,从而提高定位精度.四个测站中中山站可见卫星数最多,且各方面性能指标最优,高纬度区域昆仑站性能最差.此外,BDS/GLONASS格洛纳斯组合可以显著增加高仰角卫星,能够改善极区定位性能.

Positioning Performance Analysis in Polar Area of BDS Stand-Alone System and Multi-GNSS System

In order to evaluate the navigation and positioning performance of the BDS stand-alone system and multi-GNSS system in the polar area, the number of visible satellites (NVS), position dilution of precision (PDOP) value, positioning accuracy and elevation angle variation of the four stations at the north and south poles were analyzed. Firstly, the PDOP calculation model of multi-GNSS system is introduced, and then the data of satellite navigation system, which is simulated out with the Kepler orbit parameters, is applied to evaluate the performance of BDS stand-alone, BDS dual and four systems in detail. The simulation results show that the dual-system and four-system can significantly increase the number of visible satellites and decrease the PDOP value, thus improving the positioning accuracy. Among the four stations, the ZhongShan station has the largest number of visible satellites and the best performance, while the KunLun station has the worst performance. In addition, the dual-system of BDS/GLONASS combination can significantly increase high-elevation satellites and improve polar positioning performance.