道教神仙故事中的“食秽”魔考

通过探求“食秽”行为背后所传达的仪式性魔考，可看出道教“吃粪吮疮”的神仙做事深刻地反映了宗教心灵所需要的谦卑告罪的内核。 《国语·郑语》所载“龙蒙”事件，说明不洁之物能散发神秘的慑服力，不洁之物也可能转化为不可侵犯之圣物。就这类故事的基本母题与其转化来观察，从最初晋朝《神仙传》中浮现的原型模式，随时代发展，基本形式被扩大并加入了许多细节，反映了民俗文化中佛道两教混融，以及宗教与民俗文学互用互染的现象，到清《七真祖师列仙传》的出现，成为这一类型故事集大成的高峰作品，随着宗教文本向文学方向倾斜，发生整体情节简化、神仙角色概念化、魔考与试探弱化等现象。

Test on ＂Eating Dirty Food＂ in Taoist Immortal Stories

Based on the test on the ceremony hidden in the behavior of ＂eating dirty food＂, it is argued that the practice of ＂eating dung and sucking sore＂ in the immortal stories of Taoism reflects the point that being humble and guilty are required in the deep minds of the Taoists. Some incident recorded in some ancient book shows that some filthy things carry magic power and can be converted into saint. With the development of society, the original stories have been detailed in many ways and they show that Buddhism and Taoism mingled in folklore culture and religion and folk literature influenced each other. Later, religion gave way to literature, simplifying the plots, abstracting immortal roles and weakening magic test.