回顾、反思、求索、徘徊、出游——《离骚》的分段及其叙事与幻想

关于《离骚》的分段，自古以来众说纷纭，莫衷一是。迄今流传最广、影响最大的三大段、两部分的分法，仍然留下未辨过脉之失和割裂全诗之憾。根据《离骚》诗中叙述的情节，笔者认为将全诗分为五大段才为合理，即依次为回顾、反思、求索、徘徊、出游。也可以分为两部分，即第一、二大段为前半部分，写诗人有生以来的不懈追求与奋斗，以及遭致失败之后所引发的检视与思考，第三、四、五大段为后半部分，写诗人矢志不渝地继续努力，以及努力无果之后所产生的矛盾与苦闷。全诗在体裁形式和表现方式方面表现出两大基本特色，其一是结合叙事以抒情，在体裁形式上通篇都是叙事的结构，其二是借助“虚写”以“写实”，在表现方式上通篇都是浪漫的幻想。

Retrospection,Reflection, Search,Roam and --On paragraphing,Narration and Fantasy Journey in Li Sao

The most influential view that the poem can be divided into two parts and three sections, which seems, pitifully, to have dissevered the whole poem into disorganized fragments. This paper, however, attempts to divide the poem, based on its narrative plot, into five sections： retrospection, reflection, search, roam and journey. The author also holds that the poem can be divided into two parts, with the first and second paragraphs as the first part, in which the poet persist in pursuing his own career, and the third, fourth and fifth paragraphs as the second part, in which the poet perseveres in making his effort after experiencing failures, and also expresses his ambivalence and anguish. The genre and writing style demonstrate two characteristics： first the poet expresses his emotion while narrating the subject matter, but the whole poem belongs to a narration in terms of text-type; second, the poet attempts to depict the reality by describing imaginations and the plot of the poem is developed in romantic fantasies.