雷州半岛东海岸玉蕊群落的干扰机制及潜在生态损失分析

利用样方调查、遥感影像分析以及生态系统服务功能价值测算等方法，对雷州半岛红树林玉蕊(Barringtonia racemosa)群落所遭受的自然与人为干扰因素及其影响机制进行了测度与分析，定量刻画了不同干扰因素对玉蕊群落格局和植物株体的影响，在此基础上依据生态系统服务功能价值评估标准，对干扰影响下的玉蕊群落的潜在生态损失进行测算.研究结果表明雷州半岛红树林玉蕊群落主要受到植物入侵、河流改道及病虫害的共同干扰:植物入侵以薇甘菊(Mikania micrantha)入侵最严重，其次为飞机草(Chromolaena odorata)，植物入侵在玉蕊群落的草本层、灌木层和乔木层呈现显著的垂直分布差异；河流改道对凹凸两岸的玉蕊进行机械冲刷，导致玉蕊种群密度降低、连通性下降，群落格局趋于破碎；病虫害干扰主要表现为考氏白盾蚧(Pseudaulacaspis cockerelli)对玉蕊下层生长的抑制，干扰程度存在垂直空间差别. 3种干扰分别对玉蕊群落的水质净化、固碳、生产氧气、气候调节、污染物降解和生物多样性等生态服务功能产生影响，造成玉蕊的潜在生态损失最大可达24.9万元/a.为有效防治各类干扰对玉蕊群落的破坏，结合“防重于治”的理念，提出了物理防治、群落改造以及划定生态保护红线等生态保护途径.

The Disturbance Mechanism and Potential Ecological Loss of the Barringtonia racemosa Community on the East Coast of Leizhou Peninsula

With the methods of sample square investigation, comparative analysis of remote sensing images and estimation of ecosystem service value, the mechanism of human and natural disturbance of the Barringtonia racemosa community was studied. The effects of different disturbance factors on the two scales, i.e., the spatial pattern of the Barringtonia racemosa community and the individual plants, were described. Based on an estimation of the ecosystem service function and value, the potential ecological loss caused by disturbance of the Barringtonia racemosa community was calculated. The results showed that the Barringtonia racemosa community in the mangrove wetland of Leizhou Peninsula was mainly affected by plant invasion, river diversion and diseases and pests. The invasion of Mikania micrantha was the most serious and the influence caused by Chromolaena odorata was in the second place. Plant invasion showed distinctive vertical differences among the herb, shrub and high forest layers of the Barringtonia racemosa community. The population density of Barringtonia racemosa decreased and landscape pattern of community tended to be broken due to being mechanically scoured by water on concave and convex river banks. As for diseases and pests, it was Pseudaulacaspis cockerelli that mainly inhibited the growth of the lower layer of Barringtonia racemosa. The degree of damage in Barringtonia racemosa community was mainly affected by the spatial level of the plant. These three kinds of disturbance have impacts on the ecological functions, such as water purification, carbon sequestration, oxygen production, climate regulation, pollutant degradation and biodiversity, resulting in the potential ecological loss of Barringtonia racemosa community up to 249 thousand RMB Yuan per year. Some suggestions of ecological protection, such as physical control, community reformation and ecological protection red line setting, are put forward, drawing on the concept of "prevention is more important than treatment", to effectively prevent and control the damage of various types of disturbance of the Barringtonia racemosa community.