基于GIS的三江平原耕地适宜性评价研究

以ArcGIS地理信息系统软件为数据处理平台,通过确定评价单元,建立具有区域特色的评价指标体系,采用经验指数和法作为适宜性评价模型,并结合遥感解译得到的2005年三江平原土地利用现状数据,进行三江平原耕地适宜性评价.结果表明,平原区比山地丘陵区更适合旱田作物和水田作物的种植,适宜旱田的面积占三江平原总面积的73.44%,其中高度适宜旱田占三江平原总面积的23.48%,边际农地和不适宜旱田面积占总土地面积的36.39%;适宜水田的面积占三江平原总面积的70.04%,其中高度适宜水田的面积占总面积的26.75%,边际农地和不适宜水田的面积占总土地面积的36.07%.将耕地适宜性评价结果与三江平原2005年土地利用空间数据进行叠加分析,结果显示,2005年三江平原现有旱田中的39.10%属于高度适宜,边际农地和不适宜旱田占现有旱田面积的25.87%;现有水田中的53.41%为高度适宜,不适宜的面积仅占1.73%.以上结果说明目前三江平原旱田利用上存在一定的不合理性,但水田有很大的开发潜力,特别是在平原区.图2,表8,参18.

ArcGIS-based Cultivated Land Suitability Evaluation in Sanjiang Plain

Using a Geographic Information System software, ArcGIS 9.1,this paper evaluated cultivated land suitability of Sanjiang Plain by determining the evaluation units, establishing the evaluation indicator system which had regional characteristics, and choosing the parametric approach as the evaluation model.The results showed that,compared with the mountain-hilly area, the plain was more suitable for the cultivation of dry land crop and paddy field crop.Of the total land area of Sanjiang Plain, the area of suitable dry land accounted for 73.44 % , the higher suitable dry land accounted for 23.48% .marginal farm land and unsuitable dry land accounted for 36.39% .Of the total land area of Sanjiang Plain,though suitable paddy field comprised 70.04%, the higher suitable paddy field comprised 26.15% ,marginal farm and unsuitable paddy field comprised 36.07% .Though overlay analyzing the results of suitability evaluation and land use map in 2005 in the Sanjiang Plain, we concluded that,39.10% of the total area of the existing dry land in 2005 consisted of higher suitable dry land and 25.87% was classified as marginal farm and unsuitable dry land.In 2005,the higher suitable paddy field accounted for 53.41% of the total land area of the existing paddy field and the unsuitable paddy field only accounted 1.73%.This showed that,nowadays there were some non-reasonability for the dry land use and the development of paddy field showed great potential, spatially in the plain of Sanjiang Plain.