美国登月火箭项目进展

研究美国登月火箭的项目管理有助于我国探月工程的规划。2004年美国公布重返月球计划。为实现这一目标，美国国家航空航天局决定以航天飞机推进系统为基础研制新型运载火箭。新火箭于2006年被命名为“战神”，包括“战神”-1乘员运载火箭和“战神”-5货物运载火箭两种型号。目前，“战神”-1火箭已完成系统需求评审，进入设计评审阶段。火箭第一级、上面级、上面级发动机以及电子设备的研制合同都已于2007年授出。预计2009年5月进行首次试验飞行，2015年3月进行首次载人飞行。而“战神”-5火箭还处于早期研究阶段。由于预算调整和航天项目的复杂性，“战神”火箭的研制已经有所拖延。虽然大型航天集团和国家航空航天局努力争取更多预算，但“战神”火箭未来的研制不排除进一步拖延的可能。

Management of U.S.A. Rocket Project Aimed at Lunar Landing

Research in management of American rocket project aimed at lunar landing is useful in programming Chinese lunar exploration mission. In January 2004, President George W. Bush unveiled a plan to send astronauts back to the moon. In order to achieve the goal, NASA decided to develop next generation of launch vehicles derived from shuttle propulsion elements. The new launch vehicles were called Ares, including two types: Ares I crew launch vehicle (CLV) and Ares V cargo launch vehicle (CaLV). The System Requirements Review for Ares I is completed. Now, the project turns its focus to the Design Review. The Contracts for the first Stage, upper stage, upper stage Engine and avionics systems of Ares I Rocket is awarded in 2007. The first test launch is scheduled for May 2009, and the first crewed flight is set for March 2015. Ares V is still in a very early stage of development. The R&D of Ares has been delayed because of adjustments of budget and complexity of space projects. Even with the endeavor of large aerospace corporations and NASA for more grants, there are possibilities that the R&D of Ares will be deferred further in the future.