Spatially defined oxygen gradients and vascular endothelial growth factor expression in an engineered 3D cell model |
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Authors: | U Cheema R A Brown B Alp A J MacRobert |
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Institution: | (1) Tissue Repair and Engineering Centre, Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University College London, Stanmore Campus, London, HA7 4LP, UK;(2) National Medical Laser Centre, Royal Free and University College Medical School, London, UK |
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Abstract: | Tissue hypoxia results in rapid angiogenesis in vivo, triggered by angiogenic proteins, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Current views of tissue viability
are founded on whether ‘deeper-lying’ cells receive sufficient nutrients and oxygen for normal activity and ultimately survival.
For intact tissues, levels of such essential nutrients are governed by micro-vascular perfusion. However, there have been
few effective quantitatively defined 3D models, which enable testing of the interplay or interdependence of matrix and cell
density, and path diffusion on oxygen consumption in vitro. As a result, concepts on cell vulnerability to low oxygen levels, together with the nature of cellular responses are ill
defined. The present study has adapted a novel, optical fibre-based system for in situ, real-time oxygen monitoring within three-dimensionally-spiralled cellular collagen constructs, which were then unfurled
to enable quantitative, spatial measurements of VEGF production in different parts of the same construct exposed to different
oxygen levels. A VEGF response was elicited by cells exposed to low oxygen levels (20 mmHg), primarily within the construct
core.
Received 3 August 2007; received after revision 24 October 2007; accepted 29 October 2007
An erratum to this article is available at . |
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Keywords: | Oxygen monitoring cellular hypoxia 3D culture tissue construct VEGF plastic compression collagen cell death tissue engineering |
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