广州天河区手足口病流行病学和临床上的某些特点

自1988年3月至1989年2月,对广州天河区5所幼儿因的1502例婴幼儿进行一年的连续观察,发现手足口病(Hand-Food and Mouth disease,HFMD)62例,发病率为4.13％。发病在5岁以下者占79.09％。发病时间集中在3～7月,呈局部性小流行。首次发现在广州流行的手足口病的病原为柯萨奇A16病毒。皮肤接触感染可能是传染途径之一。口腔粘膜疹在早期常呈细小红斑和瘀点。有些皮疹呈不规则形的灰白色小疱,似烫伤样,无明显红晕。诊断本病应以临床特点为主。一例手足口病与水痘伴发,提示两者之间缺乏交叉免疫能力。

The Epidemiology and Some Clinical Features of Hand-Foot and Mouth Disease (HFMD) in Guangzhou

Among the children of five kindergartens in Tianhe District of Guangzhou, 62 cases of HFMD were found from March 1988 to February 1989, with a incidence rate of 4.13%, 79.09% of the patients were under five years of age. High incidence occurred between March and July and the disease was endemic in small groups. The pathogen of HFMD prevalent locally was found for the first time in Guangzhou to be Cox A16 virus. One channel of infection may be the skin contact. Early symptoms include tiny erythema and petechiae in the mouth mucosa as well as some skin lesions of greyish vesicles in irregular shapes, simillar to those caused by burn but without obvious red areola. Diagnosis of HFMD should be based mainly on clinical features. The fact that one case of HFMD has been complicated with varicella suggests that cross immunity of the two diseases does not exist. Since HFMD is highly contagious and severe complications can occur, the author recommands that it be placed under infectious disease control.