耦合多物种生态流速的生态需水计算方法

河流生态恢复是经济可持续发展的关键,生态需水满足是河流生态系统稳定的前提.生态需水研究是目前生态学和水文学、水资源学研究的热点,国内外学者从不同角度出发提出了多种计算生态需水的方法,并基于这些方法对不同尺度研究区进行了生态需水量的研究计算.但在现有计算方法中缺乏针对多个物种流速需求耦合的研究,会对计算结果的准确性产生影响,继而影响流域水资源调控.本文针对此问题引入优势度指数建立多物种生态流速耦合模型,为生态需水的计算提供契合生态系统整体需求的解决方案.该方法不受地域因素影响,具有较广的适用性.应用于小清河流域3个典型断面——黄台桥、岔河、石村,结果显示:黄台桥断面生态需水为12.33m~3·s~(-1);岔河断面生态需水为4.40m~3·s~(-1);石村断面生态需水为14.53m~3·s~(-1).与Tennant法对比,本研究方法计算结果合理,且更能反映鱼类种群,而非单一物种对水量的实际需求.

A method to calculate ecological flow base by coupling multi-species flow velocity requirement

Ecological restorations of river are key to sustainable economic development.Ecological water demand is a prerequisite for river ecosystem stability.Ecological water demand is widely investigated in ecology,hydrology and in water resources studies.Different methods have been used to calculate eco-flow.The lack of data on coupling of flow velocity demand for multiple species in existing methods is likely to have an impact on the accuracy of calculations and consequently on water resources regulation.In the present work,dominance index was used to establish a coupling model of multi-species ecological velocity,to provide a solution to ecological water requirement calculation.This method will not be affected by regional factors,and has wide applicability.Eco-flow at Huangtai Bridge was found to be 12.33 m3·s-1,Chahe 4.40 m3 ·s-1,and Shicun 14.53 m3 ·s-1.Compared with the Tennant method,the present method produces reasonable data and can reflect the actual demand of fish population rather than individual species.