基于刹车印迹的典型碰撞事故再现分析

刹车印迹是事故现场勘测与责任分析的主要研究对象，传统的事故现场勘测以手工测量为主，本文讨论了利用摄影测量理论进行事故现场数字化测量的方法，使用该方法，将减少占道时间，快速恢复事故现场的交通．本文以一起典型碰撞事故为例，利用摄影测量理论对事故发生环境及刹车印迹进行计算机三维重建，得到刹车印迹长度与相对角度的精确数值．同时根据刹车印迹信息，利用动力学理论及优化计算方法进行事故发生时刻及刹车前车速求解．最后本文对轨迹法在事故再现研究中的适用范围进行了探讨．

Analysis and Reconstruction of the Typical Traffic Accident Based on the Tire Marks

The tire marks are the important information for the traffic accident reconstruction.Traditionally,policemen measure the accident scene by rulers.This method leads to hard working,long time consuming,low precision and it can't be repeated.In order to solve these problems,the photogrammetry is brought forth to measure the accident scene.In the paper,the direct linear transformation model of digital 3-D photogrammetry is presented based on the perspective principles.The method is proved effective through the application to one typical accident scene measurement,application the method can delete the time consuming,so it is very important for the accidents that happened on the thruways,bridges or in the tunnels.According to the tire marks,this accident can be studied by the trajectories optimization method.The post impact trajectories of vehicles can be calculated using vehicle dynamic models if an initial velocity is assumed.The calculated trajectories are then compared to the tire marks that be found in the accident scene.Then the speed of the vehicle at the initial time of contact can be calculated.By the method of trajectories optimization,it can provide a scientific foundation for the accident judgments.At last of the paper,the field of application of the trajectories optimization method is discussed.