空气污染对区域创新能力的影响——基于人力资源流动的中介作用与市场化水平的调节作用

空气质量是影响人类行为的重要因素，其质量好坏不仅影响区域经济发展与创新能力，还关乎人类健康。人力资源是创新发展的重要基础，是影响区域创新能力的关键所在。以各省域为研究对象，利用2008~2017年中国省级层面空气质量数据，探讨了空气污染对区域创新能力的影响及其作用机理。研究发现：空气污染会显著降低区域创新能力，抑制区域创新产出；同时，空气污染会导致区域创新人力资源“挤出效应”，空气污染显著增加了人力资源的区域流动，创新人力资源更可能向空气质量高的地区迁移。从影响机制看，空气污染通过对创新人力资源的区域流动与身体精神状况的作用影响区域创新能力；同时，区域市场化水平在作用过程中起正向调节作用，具体而言，区域市场化水平越高空气污染对人力资源的挤出越明显，区域市场化水平越高人力资源对区域创新能力的促进效果越强。

Impact of Air Pollution on Regional Innovation Capacity：The Intermediary Role Based on the Flow of Human Resources and the Regulatory Role of Marketization

Air quality is an important factor that affects human behavior, because its quality not only affects regional economic development and innovation capabilities, but also concerns human health. Human resources are an important foundation for innovation and development, and are the key to affecting regional innovation capabilities. This paper, taking provinces as research objects discusses the impact of air pollution on regional innovation capacity and its mechanism by using the 2008–2017 provincial-level air quality data in China. It is found that air pollution will significantly reduce regional innovation capacity and inhibit regional innovation output and will lead to the “squeezing-out effect” of regional innovation human resources. Air pollution significantly increases the regional flow of human resources, because innovative human resources are more likely to migrate to areas with high air quality. From the perspective of the impact mechanism, air pollution affects regional innovation capacity through the effect of the regional flow of innovative human resources and physical and mental status. Meanwhile, the regional marketization plays a positive role in regulating the process. Specifically, the higher the regional marketization, the more obvious the squeezing out of human resources, and the higher the level of regional marketization, the stronger the promotion effect of human resources on regional innovation capabilities.