多起点多讫点公共交通系统早高峰乘车均衡模型、算法与变动票价管理

分析早高峰时段多起点多讫点公共交通系统乘客乘车行为,考虑乘客的乘车时间成本、车票价格、拥挤成本和误时成本,区分有无座位情况,建立固定交通需求下的用户均衡模型和系统最优模型,针对模型建立有效算法,比较各模型导出系统最优的变动票价管理方案.数值算例结果验证了模型、算法和变动票价管理方案的有效性.对计算结果分析中,发现误时成本较小车次上,短途乘客对于长途乘客存在"挤出效应".

Equilibrium models,algorithms and variable fare management in morning peak-periods for many-to-many mass transit systems

This paper analyzes the peak-period riding behavior of commuters in many-to-many transit systems. Commuters make their optimal time-of-use decision by trading off the time cost, travel fare, congestion cost against the schedule delay cost. Mathematical programming models are proposed to characterize the user equilibrium state and system optimization state respectively in the cases with seats and without seats. By analyzing these models, variable fare management schemes are presented, which can lead commuters to make their selection decision as system optimization state. Numerical examples are carried out, which prove the effectiveness of the models and the variable fare management schemes. In addition, we find that there is an "extrusion effect" by short distance commuters against relatively long distance commuters on the trains with small schedule delay costs.