鄂尔多斯地区两种不同林地苔藓植物的分布特性研究

通过对鄂尔多斯地区皇甫川人工治理区人工栽培林地和阿贵庙自然保护区自然林地两种不同生境类型下苔藓植物种类和分布特性的比较研究,结果表明:阿贵庙自然林地共有苔藓植物76种,分属于15科,33属,皇甫川人工林地共有苔藓植物41种,分属于7科,17属,阿贵庙自然林地苔藓植物的物种多样性明显高于人工林地。生态型分析表明,阿贵庙苔藓植物的湿生类型占53.26%,中生类型占11.59%,中旱生类型占27.54%,旱生类型占7.25%,而皇甫川人工林地苔藓植物的湿生类型占38.46%,中生类型占23.08%,中旱生类型占23.08%,旱生类型占15.38%。由此可见,水分条件是制约苔藓植物种类和分布的主要生态因子。在阿贵庙自然林地阴湿生境中发现一个中国新记录属,灰藓科的齿灰藓属PodperaeaIwats.et Gline,三个中国新记录种齿灰藓Podpe-raea krylorii(Podp)Iwats.et Gline、矮木灵藓Orthostrichum pumilumSw.、缺齿墙藓Tortula randii(Kenn.)Zand.,一个内蒙古新记录种狭叶墙藓(新拟名)Tortula cernuas(Hb.)B.S.G.。阿贵庙自然林地苔藓植物高的物种多样性与其环境湿度和土壤含水量以及由此形成的多样的小生境和可利用的基质特性密切相关,同时维管植物的种类和分布也影响苔藓植物的生长和分布模式,其创造的微生境为苔藓植物的定居提供了避难所,但维管植物产生的地被物(枯枝、落叶)又抑制了苔藓植物在其下的分布。此外苔藓植物的分布还与构成群落结构的要素有关,这些结构要素包括维管植物群落的层片结构,郁闭度、盖度、种类组成和分布格局。

Effect of different forest on the distribution characteristic of bryophyte in Erdos region

The research of the number of species and distribution characteristic of bryophyte in Huangpuchuan artificial water and soil holding experimental region and Aguimiao natural conservation region shows that The total number of bryophyte species in natural forest was 76 and that in artificial forest 41.In natural forests more substrates characteristic for an old-growth stand are available,the variety and distribution of vascular affect the growth and distribution of moss,the micro-habitats which creates provide the shelters for the settlement of bryophyte.But ground covers(withered tree branch,fallen leaves) vascular produces habitats the distribution of the bryophyte under it.The change of bryophyte alpha diversity has relationship with not only constructive elements which constitute habitats.These constructive elements include: synusium construction of constructies,the canopy density,cover and variety of plants,the cover and distribution of ground cover.