论克柳切夫斯基的学术思想

克柳切夫斯基是俄国伟大的历史学家，他的学术思想对后世具有极大的影响。他打破了前人只关心政治史的传统，注重研究社会史和经济史的发展，提出俄国农奴制的起源是农民欠债导致的结果：他认为殖民活动是俄国历史发展中的主要事实；个人、人类社会和国家的自然条件是构成人类社会生活的三个基本的历史力量，历史发展是由多种因素决定的．他的思想推动了俄国历史学的发展，但是具有折中主义的倾向．

On Kliuchevsky's Academic Thoughts

Kliuchevsky, a great Russian historian, has influenced the Russians for many generations in terms of academic thinking. He breaks the tradition of focusing merely on the political history, and pays more attention to the development in the history of society and economy, and foregrounds that the serf debt results in the system of serf in Russia. He considers the inner-colonialism is the main fact in the development of Russian history. The individual, human society and the natural conditions are among the three essential forces in the formation of human society, and the development of history is based on many factors. On the whole, his ideas promote the development of Russian history, however,they have eclectic deviation.