鄱阳湖滨湖区农户生计变动及其影响因素研究

基于2007年和2018年鄱阳湖滨湖区永修县、新建区、德安县与庐山市4个县级行政区域的7个样本村的农户生计调查数据,依据可持续生计框架,运用参与式农村评估(PRA)、生计多样化指数和优势生计收入比例及Logistic回归等方法,分析不同县域的农户生计变迁及其影响因素变化.研究结果表明:(i)滨湖区近城型比远城型村落更具生计优势,自然资本、社会资本、金融资本存量占比较高,物质资本存量降低,人力资本较短缺,尤其是教育;(ii)滨湖区农户家庭非农收入占比增幅明显,且外出务工比例与农户受教育程度成正比,农户生计策略趋于兼农化和非农化;(iii)2元Logistic回归结果显示,滨湖区兼农型生计策略的影响因素逐渐由单一的自然资本转变为自然资本、物质资本、社会资本的综合作用; 人力资本已成为非农型生计策略的关键因素,与物质资本共同影响非农型农户的生计策略; 滨湖区农村家庭的生计和发展水平不仅取决于家庭生计资本,而且还受到国家土地政策以及城市化进程的影响.

The Dynamics of Farmers'Livelihoods in the Lakeside Area of Poyang Lake and Its Influencing Factors

With household interviewed data collected in seven sample villages of Yongxiu,Xinjian,De’an and Lushan counties in the Lakeside Area of Poyang in 2007 and 2018,based on a sustainable livelihood framework,some methods including the Participatory Rural Assessment(PRA),livelihood diversification index,proportion of dominant livelihood income and Logistic Regression are applied to analyze the changes in the household livelihood strategies and their related influencing factors.The study result shows that near-city villages in the Lakeside Area of Poyang have more livelihood advantages than far-city villages.The livelihoods of local households in the study area are significantly improved with larger proportions of natural capital,social capital,and financial capital.However,the stock of physical capital reduces and human capital,especially education,also shows poor.Non-farm income has become an important source for local households.There is a positive relation between the proportion of outgoing workers and that of the educational level of household,indicating that the livelihood strategies tend to be diversified and non-farm.Affected by agricultural policies,the influential factors of the off-farm engagement of local households gradually change from a single natural capital to a combination of natural capital, material capital and social capital.In addition,human capital has become a key factor in non-farm livelihood strategies,and it affects the livelihood strategies of non-farm farmers together with physical capital.The livelihood and development level of rural households in the Lakeside Area of Poyang not only depend on the family’s livelihood capital,but also are affected by the national land policy and the process of urbanization.