柏拉图正义理论论证方法探讨

柏拉图《理想国》的核心要旨是要论证正义之所是，并论证正义是一种自身就好的价值。他使用了五种方法。用“矛盾揭示法”来揭明正义的日常定义所内涵的矛盾；用“极端处境法”来论证即使在“正义得一切害处，不正义得一切好处”以及在人可以隐身的极端处境中，正义本身也是有利、有力、快乐的；用“大中见小法”来彰显正义是心灵的各成分的功能发挥到优秀状态并且和谐协调；用“涵养教化法”来说明心灵品质是如何被塑造提升到优秀状态，即正义美德得到了塑造成型；用“永生报偿法”来论证从灵魂永生的角度说，正义的灵魂必定是最幸福的。这五种方法层层递进，复合呼应，成为震古烁今、极为卓越的论证方法。

An Inqury into the Demonstration Methods of Plato's Theory of Justice

The main aim of Plato's The Republic is to demonstrate what is justice in itself and justice is a good value by itself.In doing so,he employs five methods:he uses the method of revealing contradiction to uncover the contradictions that lie in the definition of justice in daily life;second,he uses the method of extreme situations to demonstrate that justice means benefit,strength and happiness even if just people are in such a situation that they will be hurt while unjust people gain all profit,and people ca...