乐观与冒险

为寻求乐观与冒险两者之间的一般性关系，本研究独立设计多种情景，并产生两类变量：对乐观态度的一般性特征进行多变量测量；以不同的风险情景考查被试的冒险倾向是否具有跨情景的一致性。研究结果表明，个体的冒险倾向与乐观态度具有一定程度的相关。高乐观组与低乐观组在冒险倾向、风险情景认知以及对冒险者的评价等多个测量指标上均表现出显著差异。研究采用的多种测量工具，所得结论的一致性程度很高，证明了研究结果的可靠性。

Optimism and Risk-taking

In order to understand the general relationship between optimism and risk-taking tendency,this study designs several independent situations and produces two kinds of variables:one to measure the general characteristics of optimistic attitude,the other to test if there is any consistency in the risk-taking tendency of an individual regardless of varying situations.;The results show that there is some correlation between an individual's optimism and risk-taking tendency.Concerning such measuring indexes as risk-taking tendency,perception of risky situations and evaluation of risk-takers,highly optimistic group and lowly optimistic one display significant differences.Moreover,the varied measuring instruments used in this study produce highly consistent results,which speak for the reliability of this study.