清末民初"废庙兴学"的历史人类学考察

清末民初,伴随着中国文化及乡村教育现代化的步伐,中国乡村社会曾兴起一股"废庙兴学"之风。其最初只是一种有知之士个人在民间的自发行为;清末新政将其作为教育改革的重要内容,在全国广泛推行(实际上只是部分地区执行);民国初年,"废庙兴学"进入了一个高潮期,对推进乡村教育发挥了一定作用,但遇到了宗教文化和乡村传统势力等重重阻力。"废庙兴学"是一个多面体,它既有促进国民教育、提高民众教育程度的积极作用,又扩大了我国民间宗教文化自身的影响,加强了宗教文化的发展与壮大;也可能成为激化民众社会矛盾、危害国民教育的有效实施,其消极影响不可低估。

On the History-Archeological Investigation in the Trend of "Destruct Temples and Boost Learning" in the Period Early Ming

In the Period Early Ming Dynasty, there was a trend of "Destruct Temples and Boost Learning" among the villages of China in the process of Chi- na's village culture evolution and reformation. It was firstly initiated by some folk intellectuals voluntarily. Later, the New Government then set it as an important content in their education reform, and promoted it through the whole nation. At the Early Ming Period, this trend has developed to a new climax, and played a positive role in village's education. However, it encountered some setbacks from the forces of religious culture and traditional village culture. The trend of "De- struct Temples and Boost Learning" is both positive in promoting the people's ed- ucation, and negative in escalating the social contradictions among the people, which, however, should never be overlooked.