人类学生态环境史研究的理论和方法

人类与自然环境的关系,是一直伴随人类学产生和发展过程的一个无法忽视的课题,无论是地理学的角度还是生态学的视野,人类学者始终致力于人类及其文化与自然环境相互关系的解释,并且创建了文化生态学、生态人类学、民族生态学、人类生态系统等诸多理论流派。应用这些理论研究人类与自然环境的互动过程,这就是人类学生态环境史研究的角度和特色。人类学生态环境史研究的方法主要有:以某种重要的自然资源为对象的研究方法;以植物和农作物为对象的研究方法;以传统农业变迁和土地利用变迁为对象的研究方法;以特殊的自然条件或以特殊的地方疾病为对象的研究方法等。

Theories and Approaches of the Anthropological Study of Eco-environment al History

The relationship between human beings and natural environment has been an important subject in the development of anthropology.Either from geographical or ecological perspective,anthropologists have always been committed to explaining the relationship between human beings with their culture and natural environment,and established many theoretical schools such as cultural ecology,eco-anthropology,ethnic ecology,and human ecological system.Applying these theories to the study on interaction between human beings and natural environment has been the perspective and characteristics of anthropological study of eco-environmental history.The main research methods of anthropological study of eco-environmental history are:method focusing on some important natural resource,focusing on plant and crop;focusing on traditional agricultural changes and land usage changes;focusing on special natural condition or special local diseases.