剑川石窟年代新论

剑川石窟在内容上分为南诏国王造像与佛教造像两类;结构上既有巨像深窟,也有浅刻浮雕、线雕;工艺上有精雕细制,也有粗制滥造;雕刻时间有南诏时期,也有大理时期;有的有题记,有的无题记。剑川石窟主体应完成于南诏中后期,而不是通常认为的大理国时期。石窟的精华部分为南诏王室所造,其余为大理王室及南诏、大理时期的善男信女个人捐造。石窟中有南诏王形象的三窟是南诏王族乌蛮民族祖先崇拜的遗迹,而非本主。南诏王室所造的石窟精华部分应为技艺成熟的四川工匠所为,而非本地的白族工匠。

A New Study of the Engraving Time of Jianchuan Grottoes

The Jianchuan Grottoes are classified into statues of kings of the Nanzhao Regime and statues of Buddhists in terms of content, and deep grottoes with large statues and basse - taile as well as line relief from the angle of structure. Some are carefully and precisely carved, others crudely made according to the craftsmanship. Some were engraved in the Nanzhao Regime, others in the Dali Kingdom. Some have titles, others do not have any. This study shows that the main part of the Jianchuan Grottoes were completed in the late Nanzhao Regime but not in the Dali Kingdom as usually accepted. The cream of the grottoes was sponsored by the Nanzhao imperial household, and the rest by the royal household of the Dali Kingdom or through the donation of the devout men and women living in the Nanzhao Regime and Dali Kingdom. The three caves containing the Nanzhao kings' figures were the traces of the ancestor worship of the Nanzhao royal family and the southern minority nationalities. The finest grottoes sponsored by th Nanzhao royal household were carved by highly - skilled craftsmen from Sichuan Province but not by the local Bai Craftsmen.