伏羲与大禹——基于信仰与民俗起源意义上的比较研究

中华民族历史上所造就的诸多先王圣祖中,伏羲和大禹的形象及其所负载的内容,显得最为丰富和完整,从原始信仰和民俗的角度讲,也只有他们两人几乎体现了全部的要素,将生殖神、图腾神、发明神、文化神和社稷神集于一身,可称之谓“全能型”始祖。其内涵乃是新石器时代整个历史文化积淀的浓缩与提炼。如此丰满而明晰的形象,其发生离不开核心文化区的依托。伏羲所依托的以大地湾为中心的渭河流域文化和大禹所依托的以河姆渡、良渚为中心的宁绍平原文化,分别被誉为我国南北两处新石器文化的光辉代表。“全能型”始祖的酿造过程比较复杂,存在着文化上的后果叠前和前果累后的“双向整合”现象。这个人物不一定受严格的时空限制,关键在于符合体现本民族发展足迹的需要,并能够在面向未来时成为新型共同体的精神寄托。

Fu Xi and Da Yu--A Comparative Study of Faith and Folk-Culture Genesis

Among those ancestors and old-kings in the Chinese history,Fu Xi and Da Yu's images are the richest and most colorful.Either of them is an embodiment of the gods of crafts,fecundity,culture,kingdom and national totem.So we call them "all-powerful ancestors".Their connotations reflect the historical and cultural essence of the Neolithic Age.Such perspicuous images were born in a "core civilization area".The Dadiwan and other relics near River Wei had borne Fu Xi;the Hemudu and Liangzhu and other relics near Ning-Shao plains had borne DA Yu.They two are brilliant representatives in Chinese civilization of the Neolithic Age.The creation of "all-powerful ancestors" was a complicated work,which had stacked many great inventions and works of all times into one character.This character is restricted in a certain time and space,but embodies the nation's history.It has become a spiritual symbol when the peoples stride towards the future.