汽车车身碰撞性能的有限元仿真与改进

在碰撞仿真理论的指导下，以某型号小客车为研究对象，建立了整车正面碰撞有限元模型，并按照国家汽车安全法规CMVDR294的要求进行了整车正面碰撞试验的数值仿真，结果显示，与试验结果取得了较好的一致。根据仿真计算结果，对发动机罩及其铰链进行结构和材料两方面的改进设计，改善了发动机罩的变形吸能模式，在此基础上，为了更全面评价整车结构的耐撞性能，建立了整车偏置碰撞有限元模型，进行了偏置碰撞的数值模拟分析，计算了车身变形及其吸能特性。根据仿真计算结果，对前纵梁和前轮罩进行结构改进设计，提高了其吸能能力。

The Simulation and Improvement of Automotive Body Crash Performance with Finite Element Method

Based on the basic principle of vehicle crash analysis using the nonlinear finite element method, a commercial vehicle finite element model was built. A frontal crash simulation accorded with the national automobile safety regulations, namelyCMVDR294, was carried out. The simulation result and the test result have a good coherence. Based on the simulation result, several improvements of energy hood and hinge were made on the structure and material of the former design, the distortion mode of energy hood was improved. Based on these researches, to evaluate the crashworthiness of the commercial vehicle to a greater extent, 40% frontal offset crash simulation was achieved using the nonlinear finite element method. Some design improvements of frontal longitudinal beam and enforced bone were achieved according to the simulation result, which improves the energy absorbing ability.