试论清末驻藏大臣对近代西藏政局的影响

清朝是中国封建社会最后一个中央王朝，在治理西藏的过程中，根据西藏局势的变化，不断调整政策。清朝末年，54名驻藏大臣在如何反对外国侵略的问题上，由于清朝中央政府确定的对外“妥协退让”的政治策略，使驻藏大臣在执行中央“妥协退让”政策上与西藏地方政府的坚决抗英出现了严重裂痕，这不仅给英、俄帝国主义挑拨离间，培养民族分裂势力提供了历史契机，而且也使坚决抵制外国侵略的西藏地方政府一度产生过向外寻求政治依靠的倾向。后来，由于清朝中央政府为抵制帝国主义侵略，挽救危局，让驻藏大臣在西藏推行了一系列近代化改革，这种改革又影响和威胁到达赖喇嘛的统治地位。在这个过程中，驻藏大臣在维护国家统一、民族团结和反对民族分裂方面，扮演了十分重要的角色。文章从清朝末期帝国主义入侵的角度入手，分析和阐述清末驻藏大臣对近代西藏政局的影响。

A Tentative Analysis of Ambans' Influence on the Political Situation of Modern Tibet

The last feudal kingdom, Qing Dynasty, in Chinese history, constantly adjusted its policy to Tibet depending on the change of situation in Tibet. In the late Qing dynasty, 54 Ambans had discrepancy with the local Tibetan government＇s strong resistance to the British invasion since Ambans adopted the ＂concession and compromising＂ policy carried out by Qing government, which resulted in the interference of English and Russian imperialist and Tibet local government＇s tendency of seeking political help from the outside. Later, in order to be against the invasion, the Qing government required Ambans to carry out a series of reforms in Tibet, which affected and threatened the dominance of Dalai Lama in Tibet. Ambans played important roles in the course of maintaining the sovereignty of the nation. The paper, from the perspective of imperialists＇ invasion, analyzes Ambans＇ influence on the political situation of modern Tibet.