美国地缘环境解析及其对中国的启示

 基于地缘环境理论,构建了地缘环境解析框架,从地理环境、地缘关系、地缘结构和地缘空间4个层次对美国地缘环境的动态变化进行了系统的解析。地理环境赋予美国有利的地理位置、优越的地理条件、绝对的地缘优势和拥有世界权力的可能。美国的地缘关系在其发展过程中呈现出对抗、竞争、合作、同盟等多种形式。地缘结构具有重要功能,倒三角结构、多极结构、两极结构、一超多强结构带给美国地缘政治、地缘经济、地缘文化等方面的地位、权力和利益,美国面对中国崛起的地缘理念结构亟需更新。美国主要的地缘空间横跨北美洲、亚洲及欧洲,可划分为腹地、核心地缘空间、海洋地缘空间和外围地缘支点。进入21世纪,美国的国内、国际环境正在发生深刻变化,其对外关系与地缘战略也呈现出新一轮的变动和调整,以适应新的地缘环境。中国在和平崛起过程中可以通过建设潜在的印度洋通道、构建互利共赢的“朋友圈”、制定自身发展的地缘战略等手段积极塑造自身的地缘环境,破解错综复杂的地缘环境问题,维护中国地缘安全。

Analysis of American geo-setting and its enlightenment for China

Based on the geo-setting theory, an analysis framework of geo-setting is built in this paper, to systematically analyze the dynamic changes of American geo-setting from the geographical environment, the geo-relationships, the geo-structures and the geo-space. The geographical environment gives the United States a favorable geographical location, superior geographical conditions, absolute geo-advantages and the possibility of becoming the most important world power. In the course of its development, American geo-relationships take various forms, such as the confrontation, the competition, the cooperation and the alliance. The geo-structures have important functions. The inverted triangle geo-structure, the multipolar geo-structure, the bipolar geo-structure and the geo-structure of one superpower and multiple big powers have brought the status, the power and the interests for the United States in the geopolitics, the geoeconomics, the geo-culture and other aspects. The geo-ideological structure that the United States faces with the rise of China needs to be renewed urgently. The main geo-space of the United States spans the North America, the Asia, and the Europe, which can be divided into the hinterland, the core geo-space, the ocean geo-space and the peripheral geo-fulcrum. Entering the 21st century, the domestic and international environment in the United States is undergoing profound changes, and its foreign relations and the geostrategy are also showing a new round of changes and adjustments to adapt to the new geo-setting. In the process of China's peaceful rise, China can actively shape its own geo-setting, solve complicated geo-setting problems and safeguard China's geo-security by building potential Indian Ocean Passages, building a mutual benefit and win-win "friend circle", and formulating its own geostrategy for development.