具有多类资源多类用户智能电网实时定价决策

智能电网中的实时定价问题,对于当前正处于全面建设阶段的我国智能电网建设进程的后继顺利发展以及经营企业的经济效益和竞争力都将产生重要影响.基于反映智能电网中电力需求或电力消耗动态变化需求侧管理(DSM)思想,利用动态博弈理论研究了实时定价和电力采购决策问题.该研究创新性地考虑了电力零售市场中零售商通常需要采购不同电力资源然后将其销售给不同类型用户这一现实,改变以往研究电力市场中零售商和用户之间策略互动时仅研究单一类型用户和单一类型电力来源局限,使用特殊的效用函数来模型短期用户的偏好和消费模式,将采购不同类型电力资源零售商与其服务的不同类型用户之间的策略互动构造出一个五阶段动态Stackelberg博弈模型,最终使用逆推归纳法求出博弈解子博弈精炼纳什均衡,从而为零售商提出了一种基于智能电网DSM实时定价的新型博弈决策机制,既为零售商提供了一种最优采购和定价机制,也通过实时定价为不同类型用户提供电力消费的不同最优反应模式.数值仿真表明了所提出的机制的有效性及系统参数变化对决策的影响.

Real-time pricing decision-making in smart grid with multi-type users and multi-type power sources

Real-time pricing decision-making is one of the most important problems for promoting the smooth development of the process of smart grid construction and improving enterprises' benefits and competitiveness in smart grid. The dynamic game theory is used to study the real-time pricing and electricity purchasing decision making problems with demand side management (DSM) thoughts reflecting the dynamic change of electricity demand and electricity consumption. This study considers innovatively retailers usually need to purchase different power sources and sale to different users in the power retail market, changes the limit which study the single type user and the single type power source when research strategy interaction between retailers and customers in the past years, uses special utility function to model the users' preferences and consumption patterns, establishs a five stage dynamic Stackelberg game model, finally finds the subgame perfect Nash equilibrium using reverse induction method. Thus a new game decision-making mechanism of real-time pricing for retailers is put forward based on the DSM in smart grid, which provides an optimal procurement and pricing mechanism for retailers. A optimal response pattern of power consumption is provided through real-time pricing for different types of customers at the same time. Numerical simulation shows the effectiveness of proposed mechanism and the influence of system parameter change on the decision.