用于异质用户出行管理的可交易许可证研究

针对公共交通与私家车出行方式并行的双模式交通系统,在考虑不同用户的时间价值情况下,通过引进可交易的道路许可证政策,建立了均衡出行交通模型.研究发现,许可证政策将拥挤产生的交通成本内部化,在缓解交通拥堵的同时,通过经济手段,降低了系统总成本.进一步地,本文证明如果汽车比公交快,那么时间价值较高的人会选择私家车出行;反之,如果公交比汽车快,时间价值相对较高的有车族会选择公交出行.通过与OD收费进行比较,我们得到在收费为正的情况下,许可证政策可以得到与基于OD收费相同的效果.最后,算例结果表明,许可证政策使得部分人选择公交出行的成本更低,达到鼓励公交出行的目的;甚至在许可证发放数量少于临界数量的情况下,选择公交出行的人会获得正收益.

Tradable permits for traffic management with user heterogeneity

Considering the user heterogeneity based on value of time (VOT), a traffic equilibrium model is proposed with the application of tradable permits policy into a bi-modal transportation system consisting of transit and auto in parallel. It is shown that the permits scheme can erase the externality effect caused by congestion and reduce the system cost. Furthermore, it is found that if the auto mode is faster than the transit mode, the higher-VOT users prefer to use highway and the lower-VOT users choose transit; otherwise, those choosing highway are lower-VOT users. The permits scheme can play the same role with the OD-based tolling policy. Numerical results show that for users who are initially distributed permits, their commuting costs can be further decreased when choosing transit. Even in the case the amount of permits is less than threshold, users can have positive revenue by commuting on transit.