大数据:数据驱动下的工程项目管理新视角

如何在高维度情况下对大数据开展统计学习、预测和优化,实现数据驱动决策,是当前管理科学与系统工程所面临的重要问题.为探索如何将大数据的理论方法应用于工程项目管理,本文首先对"数据驱动决策"的价值链进行了分析,然后,构建了基于大数据的工程项目管理三维结构模型,提出从时间维(项目生命周期各阶段)、领域维(项目各管理领域)和方法维(大数据分析方法)三个维度,推动大数据技术在工程项目中的研究和应用.进一步,分析了项目生命周期各阶段所涉及的数据类型,分析了大数据方法在工程项目各领域的应用前景.最后,结合案例阐述了大数据技术的应用,并讨论了有待研究的关键科学问题.

Big data: A new perspective of the engineering project management driven by data

How to carry out statistical learning, prediction and optimization of big data in the situation of high-dimensional for realizing the data-driven decision making has become an important issue for the management science and system engineering. To explore how to apply the theory and methods of big data into the engineering project management, firstly, this paper analyzes the value chain of data-driven decision making in engineering management. Then, we propose the three-dimensional structure model of the engineering project management based on the big data, which presents from the time dimension (the phase of the project life cycle), domain dimension (project management domains) and method dimension (big data analysis method) to promote the research and application of big data in engineering project management. Furthermore, the data involved in each stage of the life cycle are summarized, the potential application domain of big data methods in various management domains of the complex engineering project are analyzed. Finally, an industrial example is provided to illustrate the application of big data technology in the engineering project and the related scientific problems are discussed.